when looking at data obtained from studies with living mammalian cells, it appears reasonable to assume that dequalinium molecules could be pulled into the mitochondrial matrix in response to the high mitochondrial membrane potential as demonstrated in , which in turn might lead to the johnathan katz caffeine destabilization of the dqasomepdna complex however, the first detailed study, johnathan katz caffeine which demonstrated the selective dna release from dqaplexes, was performed using membrane mimicking liposomes fig as a model for the intracellular release of dna from dqasomes, the capacity of anionic liposomes to displace the dna from its cationic carrier was studied the association of dna with the cationic carrier was johnathan katz caffeine assessed by employing sybr green johnathan katz caffeine i the fluorescence signal of this dye is greatly enhanced when bound to dna nonbinding results in loss of fluorescence it johnathan katz caffeine can be clearly seen that in the vicinity of a charge ratio, dqasomes do not release any dna in the presence of cytoplasmic membrane mimicking liposomes dqasomes s � � o � u a � � � cpm imm ��� anionic liposomes i � � johnathan katz caffeine time [sec] fig effect of anionic liposomes on dna release johnathan katz caffeine from dqasomepdna complexes dna was preincubated with sybr until stabilization johnathan katz caffeine of the signal, followed by johnathan katz caffeine adding indicated by arrow the johnathan katz caffeine minimal amount of dqasomes necessary to decrease the signal to background level anionic liposomes were then injected arrow at an anionic to cationic charge ratio as shown the displacement of dna from its carrier is indicated by the increase of johnathan katz caffeine the fluorescence signal cpm, cytoplasma membrane johnathan katz caffeine like liposomes imm, inner mitochondrial membrane like liposomes omm, outer johnathan katz caffeine mitochondrial membrane like liposomes cpm, not even at a fold excess of anionic charge however, with a similar charge excess of anionic liposomes to cationic dqasomes, and respectively, inner and outer mitochondrial membrane mimicking liposomes johnathan katz caffeine imm and omm, respectively are able to displace up to johnathan katz caffeine of the dna from its dqasomal carrier in agreement with wellbutrin xl and weight changes these data, it was found that for the complete liberation johnathan katz caffeine of dna from dna dqasome complex, a fourfold excess of dicetylphosphate and an eightfold excess of phosphatidylserine, respectively, are necessary the finding that cpm liposomes, johnathan katz caffeine at an anionic to cationic charge ratio of , displace up to of the dna from lipofectin, which was used as a control, do not liberate any dna from dqasomes even at a slight excess of anionic charge, leads to the conclusion that besides the charge ratio, other factors may play an johnathan katz caffeine important role in the mechanism of dna release from lipiddna complexes this conclusion is being johnathan katz caffeine further supported by xu and szokas observation that ionic water soluble molecules such as atp, johnathan katz caffeine trna, dna, polyglutamic acid, spermidine and histone do not displace dna from the cationic lipiddna johnathan katz caffeine complex, even at a fold charge excess � in their johnathan katz caffeine model for the postendocytotic release of dna from cationic carriers, johnathan katz caffeine they assume the formation of a charge neutral ion pair between cationic and anionic lipid, which ultimately results in the displacement of the dna from the cationic lipid and the release of dna into cytoplasm liposomedna liposome ?